Quick facts
Portugal population overview
Portugal is the 14th most populous of 50 countries and territories in Europe. The United Nations put the population at 10,404,545 on 1 January 2026; with an annual growth rate of -0.2% the live estimate on this page falls by roughly 46 people per day.
Over a full year that means about 85,317 births (8.2 per 1,000 people) and 118,612 deaths (11.4 per 1,000), plus net immigration of roughly 16,647 people. The infant mortality rate is 2.1 per 1,000 live births.
World Bank data show the population grew from 8,857,716 in 1960 to 10,804,871 in 2025 — a change of +22%, or +0.3% per year on average. It peaked at 10,804,871 in 2025 and has declined 3.8% since.
Demographically, the median age is 47.2 years; life expectancy at birth is 82.9 years; women have on average 1.4 children (2024, below the 2.1 replacement level); 12.7% of residents are under 15 and 24.9% are 65 or older (2025); 61.5% of people live in urban areas (2025).
The capital is Lisbon. Portugal covers 92,230 km², giving a population density of about 113 people per km². GDP was $346.64B in 2025 — about $32,082 per person (World Bank classification: high income).
Portugal population statistics (2026)
| Population (live, October 2026) | 10,391,269 |
|---|---|
| UN estimate, 1 Jan 2026 | 10,404,545 |
| World rank | #94 of 238 |
| Rank in Europe | #14 of 50 |
| Share of world population | 0.1% |
| Annual growth rate | -0.2% |
| Births per year est. | 85,317 |
| Deaths per year est. | 118,612 |
| Net migration per year est. | +16,647 |
| Birth rate | 8.2 per 1,000 |
| Death rate | 11.4 per 1,000 |
| Infant mortality | 2.1 per 1,000 births |
| Sex ratio | 90.9 males per 100 females |
| Median age | 47.2 years |
| Life expectancy | 82.9 years |
| Fertility rate 2024 | 1.4 births per woman |
| Urban population 2025 | 61.5% |
| Surface area 2023 | 92,230 km² |
| Population density | 113 per km² |
| Capital | Lisbon |
| GDP (current US$) 2025 | $346.64B |
| GDP per capita 2025 | $32,082 |
| Income group World Bank | High income |
Portugal population by year
| Year | Population | Change | Annual growth |
|---|---|---|---|
| October 2026 (live, UN-based) | 10,391,269 | – | – |
| 2025 | 10,804,871 | +110,190 | +1% |
| 2024 | 10,694,681 | +116,507 | +1.1% |
| 2023 | 10,578,174 | +143,842 | +1.4% |
| 2022 | 10,434,332 | +72,501 | +0.7% |
| 2021 | 10,361,831 | +64,750 | +0.6% |
| 2020 | 10,297,081 | -60,995 | -0.1% |
| 2015 | 10,358,076 | -215,024 | -0.4% |
| 2010 | 10,573,100 | +69,770 | +0.1% |
| 2005 | 10,503,330 | +213,432 | +0.4% |
| 2000 | 10,289,898 | +263,722 | +0.5% |
| 1995 | 10,026,176 | +42,958 | +0.1% |
| 1990 | 9,983,218 | -40,395 | -0.1% |
| 1985 | 10,023,613 | +257,301 | +0.5% |
| 1980 | 9,766,312 | +672,842 | +1.4% |
| 1975 | 9,093,470 | +413,039 | +0.9% |
| 1970 | 8,680,431 | -318,164 | -0.7% |
| 1965 | 8,998,595 | +140,879 | +0.3% |
| 1960 | 8,857,716 | – | – |
Change and annual growth are measured against the previous row; growth is annualized where rows are five years apart. The live row extrapolates the UN estimate and is not directly comparable with the World Bank series.
About Portugal
Population over time
- From 8,857,716 in 1960 to 10,391,269 today — up 17.3%.
- Population peaked at 10,804,871 in 2025 and is down 3.8% since.
- Average change over the last 10 years of data: +0.4% per year.
Life expectancy & fertility
- Life expectancy at birth: 82.4 years (2024), up 18.4 years since 1960.
- Fertility: 1.4 births per woman (2024) — below the ~2.1 replacement level.
Birth & death rates
- Latest: 7.9 births vs 11.1 deaths per 1,000 people (2024).
- Deaths outnumber births — natural decrease of 3.2 per 1,000 a year.
Age structure
- 12.7% of the population is under 15 and 24.9% is 65 or older (2025).
- The 65+ share has grown from 7.9% in 1960 — the population is aging.
CO₂ emissions
- Latest total: 35.56 Mt CO₂ (2024).
- Emissions peaked at 67.83 Mt in 2005 — down 47.6% since.
- Per person: 3.32 t in 2024, vs 2.01 t in 1970.
Energy use & renewables
- Energy use: 1,815.4 kg of oil equivalent per person (2024), up 8% since 1990.
- Renewables supplied 32.3% of final energy in 2021 (+5.3 points since 1990).
Forest area (% of land)
- Forest covers 36.2% of land area (2023).
- Net deforestation: cover fell from 37.1% to 36.2% since 1990 — roughly 915 km² of forest lost.
Urban population (% of total)
- 61.5% of people live in urban areas (2025), vs 30.8% in 1960 (+30.7 points).
- Became majority-urban around 1994.
Water resources & stress
- Water stress: low–medium — freshwater withdrawals are 16.1% of renewable internal resources (2022, SDG 6.4.2-style bands).
- Renewable freshwater per person: 3,642 m³ in 2022, down 14.4% since 1961.
Economy
- GDP: $346.64B in 2025.
- Nominal GDP is up 74.2% since 2015.
- That works out to $32,082 per person.
Unemployment & inflation
- Unemployment: 6.2% of the labor force (2025, ILO estimate).
- Consumer-price inflation: 2.3% in 2025.
Internet & mobile
- 88.5% of people used the internet in 2024.
- Mobile subscriptions: 124.1 per 100 people (2024) — more subscriptions than people.
Portugal in the news
Frequently asked questions
What is the population of Portugal in 2026?
As of October 2026, Portugal has an estimated population of 10,391,269. The United Nations estimated 10,404,545 residents on 1 January 2026; the live figure on this page extrapolates that estimate using the -0.2% annual growth rate.
Is the population of Portugal growing or shrinking?
It is shrinking at -0.2% per year — roughly 46 fewer people every day. Each year there are about 85,317 births and 118,612 deaths, with net migration of +16,647.
What is the population density of Portugal?
About 113 people per square kilometre: 10,391,269 people living on 92,230 km² of surface area (World Bank, 2023).
What is the median age in Portugal?
The median age is 47.2 years, and life expectancy at birth is 82.9 years. 12.7% of the population is under 15 and 24.9% is 65 or older (2025).
How does Portugal rank by population?
Portugal is the 94th most populous of 238 countries and territories worldwide and the 14th in Europe, with 0.1% of the global population.
How has the population of Portugal changed over time?
In 1960 the population was 8,857,716; by 2025 it had grown to 10,804,871 (+22%). The year-by-year table above lists the full World Bank series.
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Papua New GuineaSources & method: the live population is a linear extrapolation of the UN World Population Prospects estimate for 1 January 2026 using the annual growth rate (-0.2%); births, deaths and migration counters apply the UN crude rates to the live figure. Historical series, area, GDP and other indicators are from World Bank Open Data; the encyclopedic summary is from Wikipedia. Figures are statistical estimates, not census counts. Page generated 2026-10-19. More about our data.