Quick facts
Luxembourg population overview
Luxembourg is the 37th most populous of 50 countries and territories in Europe. The United Nations put the population at 684,851 on 1 January 2026; with an annual growth rate of +1% the live estimate on this page rises by roughly 19 people per day.
Over a full year that means about 6,917 births (10.1 per 1,000 people) and 5,068 deaths (7.4 per 1,000), plus net immigration of roughly 4,931 people. The infant mortality rate is 2.7 per 1,000 live births.
World Bank data show the population grew from 313,970 in 1960 to 686,970 in 2025 — a change of +118.8%, or +1.2% per year on average. The population is at its all-time high today.
Demographically, the median age is 39.7 years; life expectancy at birth is 82.6 years; women have on average 1.3 children (2024, below the 2.1 replacement level); 15.7% of residents are under 15 and 15.8% are 65 or older (2025); 94.9% of people live in urban areas (2025).
The capital is Luxembourg. Luxembourg covers 2,590 km², giving a population density of about 267 people per km². GDP was $101.16B in 2025 — about $147,252 per person (World Bank classification: high income).
Luxembourg population statistics (2026)
| Population (live, October 2026) | 690,257 |
|---|---|
| UN estimate, 1 Jan 2026 | 684,851 |
| World rank | #169 of 238 |
| Rank in Europe | #37 of 50 |
| Share of world population | 0.008% |
| Annual growth rate | +1% |
| Births per year est. | 6,917 |
| Deaths per year est. | 5,068 |
| Net migration per year est. | +4,931 |
| Birth rate | 10.1 per 1,000 |
| Death rate | 7.4 per 1,000 |
| Infant mortality | 2.7 per 1,000 births |
| Sex ratio | 101.5 males per 100 females |
| Median age | 39.7 years |
| Life expectancy | 82.6 years |
| Fertility rate 2024 | 1.3 births per woman |
| Urban population 2025 | 94.9% |
| Surface area 2023 | 2,590 km² |
| Population density | 267 per km² |
| Capital | Luxembourg |
| GDP (current US$) 2025 | $101.16B |
| GDP per capita 2025 | $147,252 |
| Income group World Bank | High income |
Luxembourg population by year
| Year | Population | Change | Annual growth |
|---|---|---|---|
| October 2026 (live, UN-based) | 690,257 | – | – |
| 2025 | 686,970 | +9,958 | +1.5% |
| 2024 | 677,012 | +10,582 | +1.6% |
| 2023 | 666,430 | +13,327 | +2% |
| 2022 | 653,103 | +13,039 | +2% |
| 2021 | 640,064 | +9,645 | +1.5% |
| 2020 | 630,419 | +60,815 | +2% |
| 2015 | 569,604 | +62,651 | +2.4% |
| 2010 | 506,953 | +41,795 | +1.7% |
| 2005 | 465,158 | +28,858 | +1.3% |
| 2000 | 436,300 | +27,675 | +1.3% |
| 1995 | 408,625 | +26,775 | +1.4% |
| 1990 | 381,850 | +15,144 | +0.8% |
| 1985 | 366,706 | +2,556 | +0.1% |
| 1980 | 364,150 | +5,200 | +0.3% |
| 1975 | 358,950 | +19,779 | +1.1% |
| 1970 | 339,171 | +7,671 | +0.5% |
| 1965 | 331,500 | +17,530 | +1.1% |
| 1960 | 313,970 | – | – |
Change and annual growth are measured against the previous row; growth is annualized where rows are five years apart. The live row extrapolates the UN estimate and is not directly comparable with the World Bank series.
About Luxembourg
Population over time
- From 313,970 in 1960 to 690,257 today — up 119.8%.
- The population is at its all-time high right now.
- Average change over the last 10 years of data: +1.9% per year.
Life expectancy & fertility
- Life expectancy at birth: 83.2 years (2024), up 14.4 years since 1960.
- Fertility: 1.3 births per woman (2024) — below the ~2.1 replacement level.
Birth & death rates
- Latest: 9.5 births vs 6.6 deaths per 1,000 people (2024).
- Natural increase of 2.9 per 1,000 a year, before migration.
Age structure
- 15.7% of the population is under 15 and 15.8% is 65 or older (2025).
- The 65+ share has grown from 10.6% in 1960 — the population is aging.
CO₂ emissions
- Latest total: 7.15 Mt CO₂ (2024).
- Emissions peaked at 19.68 Mt in 1970 — down 63.7% since.
- Per person: 10.56 t in 2024, vs 58.02 t in 1970.
Energy use & renewables
- Energy use: 4,552.1 kg of oil equivalent per person (2024), down 48.7% since 1990.
- Renewables supplied 20.5% of final energy in 2021 (+18.8 points since 1990).
Forest area (% of land)
- Forest covers 34.5% of land area (2023).
- Net afforestation: cover grew from 33.7% to 34.5% since 2000 — roughly 20 km² of forest gained.
Urban population (% of total)
- 94.9% of people live in urban areas (2025), vs 69.5% in 1960 (+25.4 points).
- Majority-urban for the whole period covered.
Water resources & stress
- Water stress: low — freshwater withdrawals are 4.8% of renewable internal resources (2022, SDG 6.4.2-style bands).
- Renewable freshwater per person: 1,531 m³ in 2022, down 51.5% since 1961.
Economy
- GDP: $101.16B in 2025.
- Nominal GDP is up 68.4% since 2015.
- That works out to $147,252 per person.
Unemployment & inflation
- Unemployment: 6.3% of the labor force (2025, ILO estimate).
- Consumer-price inflation: 2.3% in 2025.
Internet & mobile
- 99.1% of people used the internet in 2025.
- Mobile subscriptions: 144.5 per 100 people (2023) — more subscriptions than people.
Luxembourg in the news
Frequently asked questions
What is the population of Luxembourg in 2026?
As of October 2026, Luxembourg has an estimated population of 690,257. The United Nations estimated 684,851 residents on 1 January 2026; the live figure on this page extrapolates that estimate using the +1% annual growth rate.
Is the population of Luxembourg growing or shrinking?
It is growing at +1% per year — roughly 19 more people every day. Each year there are about 6,917 births and 5,068 deaths, with net migration of +4,931.
What is the population density of Luxembourg?
About 267 people per square kilometre: 690,257 people living on 2,590 km² of surface area (World Bank, 2023).
What is the median age in Luxembourg?
The median age is 39.7 years, and life expectancy at birth is 82.6 years. 15.7% of the population is under 15 and 15.8% is 65 or older (2025).
How does Luxembourg rank by population?
Luxembourg is the 169th most populous of 238 countries and territories worldwide and the 37th in Europe, with 0.008% of the global population.
How has the population of Luxembourg changed over time?
In 1960 the population was 313,970; by 2025 it had grown to 686,970 (+118.8%). The year-by-year table above lists the full World Bank series.
Explore more
Russia
Germany
United Kingdom
France
Macau
Suriname
Montenegro
Western SaharaSources & method: the live population is a linear extrapolation of the UN World Population Prospects estimate for 1 January 2026 using the annual growth rate (+1%); births, deaths and migration counters apply the UN crude rates to the live figure. Historical series, area, GDP and other indicators are from World Bank Open Data; the encyclopedic summary is from Wikipedia. Figures are statistical estimates, not census counts. Page generated 2026-10-19. More about our data.